Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-LED

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-LED kusuka kokutholwe elabhorethri kuya ekuguquguqukeni kokukhanya komhlaba wonke.Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-LED, manje sekusetshenziswa i-LED ikakhulukazi:
- Ukukhanyisa ekhaya:Amalambu e-LED, amalambu ophahleni, amalambu edeski
- Ukukhanyisa kwezohwebo:izibani, izibani, izibani zephaneli
- Ukukhanyisa kwezimboni:amalambu ezimayini, amalambu aphezulu
- Ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle:izibani zomgwaqo, izibani zemvelo, izibani zamachibi
- Ukukhanyisa kwezimoto:Amalambu e-LED, amalambu asemini, amalambu angemuva
- Bonisa i-LED:isikrini sokukhangisa, i-Mini LED TV
- Ukukhanyisa okukhethekile:Isibani sokuphulukisa se-UV, isibani sokukhula kwezitshalo

Namuhla, singabona i-LED yonke indawo empilweni yethu, lokhu kuwumphumela wemizamo ecishe ibe yikhulu, singakwazi nje ukwazi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-LED njengezigaba ezi-4:
1. Ukuhlola kwasekuqaleni (ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 -1960s)
Ukutholwa kwe-electroluminescence (1907)
Unjiniyela waseBrithani uHenry Joseph Round waqala ukubona i-electroluminescence kumakristalu e-silicon carbide (SiC), kodwa akazange ayifunde ngokujulile.
Ngo-1927, usosayensi waseSoviet u-Oleg Losev waqhubeka wafunda futhi washicilela iphepha, elibhekwa ngokuthi "uyise we-LED theory", kodwa ucwaningo lwaphazamiseka ngenxa yeMpi Yezwe II.

-I-LED yokuqala esebenzayo yazalwa (1962)
U-Nick Holonyak Jr., General Electric (GE) Engineer Usungule ukukhanya kokuqala okubonakalayo kwe-LED (isibani esibomvu, impahla ye-GaAsP).lokhu kuphawula i-LED esuka elabhorethri iye ekuhwebeni, ekuqaleni eyayisetshenziselwa izinkomba zamathuluzi.

2. Ukuthuthukiswa kombala we-LED (1970s-1990s)
-Amaledi aluhlaza naphuzi aqalwa (1970s)
1972: M. George Craford (umfundi kaHolonyak) usungula i-LED ephuzi (iphindwe ka-10 ngokugqama).
1980s: Izinto ze-Aluminium, i-gallium ne-arsenic (AlGaAs) zathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwama-leds abomvu, ayesetshenziswa kumarobhothi kanye nemishini kagesi.

-Blue LED Revolution (1990s)
1993: Usosayensi waseJapane u-Shuji Nakamura (Shuji Nakamura) e-Nichia chemical (Nichia) ephumelela i-gallium nitride (GaN) esekelwe i-LED eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uzuze umklomelo we-Nobel we-physics ka-2014. Lokhu kuphawula i-Blue LED + phosphor = i-LED emhlophe, ebeka isisekelo sokukhanyisa kwe-LED yesimanje.

3. Ukuduma kwe-LED emhlophe nokukhanyisa (2000s-2010s)
-White LED commercialization (2000s)
I-Nichia Chemical, i-Cree, i-Osram nezinye izinkampani zethule amaledi amhlophe asebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kancane kancane ashintshe amalambu e-incandescent nawe-fluorescent.
2006: Inkampani yase-American Cree yakhipha i-LED yokuqala eyi-100lm/W, idlula ukusebenza kahle kwesibani se-fluorescent.
(Ngo-2006 i-Heguang Lighting iqala ukukhiqiza ukukhanya kwe-LED ngaphansi kwamanzi)

-I-LED ekukhanyeni okuvamile (2010s)
2010s: Izindleko ze-LED zehle kakhulu, futhi amazwe emhlabeni jikelele asebenzise "ukuvimbela okumhlophe" (njengokuthi i-EU yaqeda amalambu e-incandescent ngo-2012).
I-2014: Umklomelo weNobel ku-Physics onikezwe u-Isamu Akasaki, u-Hiroshi Amano no-Shuji Nakamura ngeminikelo ye-blue led.

4. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-LED (2020s kuze kube manje)
-Mini LED & Micro LED
I-Mini LED: Isetshenziselwa i-TVS ephezulu (efana ne-Apple Pro Display XDR), izikrini ze-esports, ukukhanya kwangemuva okucwebe kakhudlwana.
I-Micro LED: amaphikseli azikhanyisayo, kulindeleke ukuthi athathe indawo ye-OLED (i-Samsung, i-SONY yethule imikhiqizo ye-prototype).

- Ukukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile kanye ne-Li-Fi
I-Smart LED: izinga lokushisa elilungisekayo lombala, isilawuli senethiwekhi (njengePhilips Hue).
I-Li-Fi: Ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya kwe-LED ukudlulisa idatha, ngokushesha kune-Wi-Fi (ilabhorethri isifinyelele ku-224Gbps).

- UV LED kanye nezicelo ezikhethekile
I-Uv-c LED: Isetshenziselwa ukuvalwa inzalo (njengemishini yokubulala amagciwane e-UV ngesikhathi sobhubhane).
I-LED yokukhula kwezitshalo: I-spectrum eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezolimo.

Ukusuka "ekukhanyeni okuyinkomba" kuya "kokukhanyisa okujwayelekile" : ukusebenza kahle kukhuphuka izikhathi eziyi-1,000 futhi izindleko zehliswa ngo-99%, ukuthandwa kwe-LED emhlabeni wonke kunciphisa amakhulu ezigidi zamathani okukhishwa kwe-CO₂ minyaka yonke, i-LED ishintsha umhlaba! ngokuzayo, i-LED ingase iguqule isibonisi, ezokuxhumana, ezokwelapha nezinye izimboni eziningi! Sizolinda sibone!